Automatic speech recognition 8 Hidden Markov models 8 Speech processing systems 6 Data processing 4 Arabic language 3 Markov processes 3 Computer programs 2 Design 2 Malay language 2 Artificial intelligence 1 Educational applications 1 Human-computer interaction 1 Malay speakers 1 Pronunciation 1 Pronunciation by foreign speakers 1 Signal processing 1 Speech synthesis 1 Spoken Arabic 1 Spoken Malay 1