Construction of mathematical models in language learning strategy and English proficiency of pre-university students

This study aims to construct the best mathematical model that describes the relationship between six Language Learning Strategies and English proficiency of the pre-university students of Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Two hundred and thirty pre-university students of Universiti Malaysia Sabah took...

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Main Author:	Johannah Jamalul Kiram
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2016
Subjects:	P Philology Linguistics
Online Access:	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/12754/1/Construction%20of%20mathematical%20models.pdf
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spelling	my-ums-ep.127542017-10-27T08:11:43Z Construction of mathematical models in language learning strategy and English proficiency of pre-university students 2016 Johannah Jamalul Kiram P Philology. Linguistics This study aims to construct the best mathematical model that describes the relationship between six Language Learning Strategies and English proficiency of the pre-university students of Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Two hundred and thirty pre-university students of Universiti Malaysia Sabah took part in this study by answering a background questionnaire and the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning self-report questionnaire. Also, these students sat for the Malaysian University English Test (MUET) and their results are taken as the student's proficiency in English as a second language. Three linear regression models was used as initial models, two of which went through stepwise variable selection method. However, in this study, we proposed two families of nonlinear models, which are the nonlinear Gompertz model, and a modified Gompertz model. Based on the five proposed models, the dependent variable, y, is the normalized English proficiency of the students and the independent variables, Xj , are the six different language learning strategies where j = 1,2,3, ... ,6. These six strategies are memory, cognitive, comprehensive, metacognitive, social and affective respectively. Goodness-of-fit tests and information criterion were used to assess these models, which are the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), residual standard error (RSE), the corrected Akaike information criterion (AlCe) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). The results were then used to compare these models. The linear model showed good readings with its RMSE, MAE and RSE approaching zero indicating that the model is strong. However, the Gompertz model and the modified Gompertz model showed even better values of RMSE, MAE, RSE and AlCe. Especially for the modified Gompertz model, the values for the errors were even closer to zero. The goodness-of-fit tests and AlCc show that the modified Gompertz model's results were better than the nonlinear Gompertz model, and the linear regression model. Despite that, only the BIC calculated for the linear model M35 has the weightiest amount of information. In conclusion, four out of five metrics calculated suggested that the modified Gompertz model is the best amongst investigated models. 2016 Thesis https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/12754/ https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/12754/1/Construction%20of%20mathematical%20models.pdf text en public other masters Universiti Malaysia Sabah Faculty of Science and Natural Resources
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
collection	UMS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	P Philology Linguistics
spellingShingle	P Philology Linguistics Johannah Jamalul Kiram Construction of mathematical models in language learning strategy and English proficiency of pre-university students
description	This study aims to construct the best mathematical model that describes the relationship between six Language Learning Strategies and English proficiency of the pre-university students of Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Two hundred and thirty pre-university students of Universiti Malaysia Sabah took part in this study by answering a background questionnaire and the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning self-report questionnaire. Also, these students sat for the Malaysian University English Test (MUET) and their results are taken as the student's proficiency in English as a second language. Three linear regression models was used as initial models, two of which went through stepwise variable selection method. However, in this study, we proposed two families of nonlinear models, which are the nonlinear Gompertz model, and a modified Gompertz model. Based on the five proposed models, the dependent variable, y, is the normalized English proficiency of the students and the independent variables, Xj , are the six different language learning strategies where j = 1,2,3, ... ,6. These six strategies are memory, cognitive, comprehensive, metacognitive, social and affective respectively. Goodness-of-fit tests and information criterion were used to assess these models, which are the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), residual standard error (RSE), the corrected Akaike information criterion (AlCe) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). The results were then used to compare these models. The linear model showed good readings with its RMSE, MAE and RSE approaching zero indicating that the model is strong. However, the Gompertz model and the modified Gompertz model showed even better values of RMSE, MAE, RSE and AlCe. Especially for the modified Gompertz model, the values for the errors were even closer to zero. The goodness-of-fit tests and AlCc show that the modified Gompertz model's results were better than the nonlinear Gompertz model, and the linear regression model. Despite that, only the BIC calculated for the linear model M35 has the weightiest amount of information. In conclusion, four out of five metrics calculated suggested that the modified Gompertz model is the best amongst investigated models.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	other
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Johannah Jamalul Kiram
author_facet	Johannah Jamalul Kiram
author_sort	Johannah Jamalul Kiram
title	Construction of mathematical models in language learning strategy and English proficiency of pre-university students
title_short	Construction of mathematical models in language learning strategy and English proficiency of pre-university students
title_full	Construction of mathematical models in language learning strategy and English proficiency of pre-university students
title_fullStr	Construction of mathematical models in language learning strategy and English proficiency of pre-university students
title_full_unstemmed	Construction of mathematical models in language learning strategy and English proficiency of pre-university students
title_sort	construction of mathematical models in language learning strategy and english proficiency of pre-university students
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
granting_department	Faculty of Science and Natural Resources
publishDate	2016
url	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/12754/1/Construction%20of%20mathematical%20models.pdf
_version_	1747836441298206720

Construction of mathematical models in language learning strategy and English proficiency of pre-university students

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