Enhancement of Freeze and Spray Drying Techniques for the Preservation of Aspergillus Niger Spores

In this study, Aspergillus niger spores were powderised using freeze and spray drying techniques prior to the treatment of palm kernel cake (PKC) for subsequently used as an animal feed particularly for poultry. Initially, effects of several harvesting agents on the recovery of the spores from the g...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Ahmad, Mohd Azman
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2009
Subjects:	Freeze-drying Spray drying Aspergillus niger
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/20007/1/FBSB_2009_38_ir.pdf
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	my-upm-ir.20007
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-upm-ir.200072013-05-27T08:05:10Z Enhancement of Freeze and Spray Drying Techniques for the Preservation of Aspergillus Niger Spores 2009-09 Ahmad, Mohd Azman In this study, Aspergillus niger spores were powderised using freeze and spray drying techniques prior to the treatment of palm kernel cake (PKC) for subsequently used as an animal feed particularly for poultry. Initially, effects of several harvesting agents on the recovery of the spores from the growth solid media were investigated. Prior to freeze and spray drying processes, several cryoprotective agents (skimmed milk, maltose, glucose, lactose and leucine) were added to the prepared spore suspension in order to maintain high cell viability. In the freeze drying process, cell viability was reduced from 1.2 x 1012 CFU/g to 2.7 x 1010 CFU/g when using 10% w/v of glucose as the cryoprotective agent and achieved about 1.65 of log reduction. Meanwhile, highest cell viability (1.8 x 1011 CFU/g) was exhibited using 10% w/v of maltose compared to 10% w/v of skimmed milk (2.7 x 1010 CFU/g), which examined immediately after freeze drying process. However, 10% w/v skimmed milk showed the best cryorptective agent for long storage life. The viable cells were survived up to 61 weeks of storage using 10% w/v skimmed milk, while it was only 49 weeks for both 10% w/v glucose and 10% w/v maltose In the spray drying process, the cell viability reduced from 6.0 x 1012 CFU/g to 6.1 x 1010 CFU/g when using skimmed milk as the protective agent. The combination of 10% w/v lactose and 10% w/w leucine as the protective agents prior to spray drying process showed drastically decreased of cell viability from 5.0 x 1012 CFU/g to 4.3 x 1010 CFU/g. However, increased of leucine percentage (12% w/w leucine) in the combination of the cryoprotective agents slightly improved the cell viability from 4.3 x 1010 CFU/g to 6.0 x 1010 CFU/g. Comparison between freeze drying and spray drying process in terms of drying methods, cell viability immediately after drying process, survival rate, and long term storage product was made. As a result, the freeze drying process using combination of selected cryoprotective agents was showed to be the preferred method for long storage life. Generally, freeze drying process exhibited highest cell viability, high survival rate of spores and long term storage stability of product. Meanwhile, spray drying process showed shorter storage life of viable cells, which only last up to week 29 as compared to week 61 for freeze drying process and there were no viable cells detected at the end of each storage life. Higher reducing sugars were obtained from both spray dried (141.10 mg/g PKC) and freeze dried (86.83 mg/g PKC) A. niger spores compared to fresh A. niger spores that produce 58.57 mg/g PKC. While for mannanase production for spray dried spores was 341.75 U/g of PKC, freeze dried was 330.25 U/g of PKC and fresh A. niger 346.75 U/g of PKC. Powderised spores have shown promising results to reduced NDF, ADF, and CF in PKC and increase CP. Freeze-drying Spray drying Aspergillus niger 2009-09 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/20007/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/20007/1/FBSB_2009_38_ir.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Freeze-drying Spray drying Aspergillus niger Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences English
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	Freeze-drying Spray drying Aspergillus niger
spellingShingle	Freeze-drying Spray drying Aspergillus niger Ahmad, Mohd Azman Enhancement of Freeze and Spray Drying Techniques for the Preservation of Aspergillus Niger Spores
description	In this study, Aspergillus niger spores were powderised using freeze and spray drying techniques prior to the treatment of palm kernel cake (PKC) for subsequently used as an animal feed particularly for poultry. Initially, effects of several harvesting agents on the recovery of the spores from the growth solid media were investigated. Prior to freeze and spray drying processes, several cryoprotective agents (skimmed milk, maltose, glucose, lactose and leucine) were added to the prepared spore suspension in order to maintain high cell viability. In the freeze drying process, cell viability was reduced from 1.2 x 1012 CFU/g to 2.7 x 1010 CFU/g when using 10% w/v of glucose as the cryoprotective agent and achieved about 1.65 of log reduction. Meanwhile, highest cell viability (1.8 x 1011 CFU/g) was exhibited using 10% w/v of maltose compared to 10% w/v of skimmed milk (2.7 x 1010 CFU/g), which examined immediately after freeze drying process. However, 10% w/v skimmed milk showed the best cryorptective agent for long storage life. The viable cells were survived up to 61 weeks of storage using 10% w/v skimmed milk, while it was only 49 weeks for both 10% w/v glucose and 10% w/v maltose In the spray drying process, the cell viability reduced from 6.0 x 1012 CFU/g to 6.1 x 1010 CFU/g when using skimmed milk as the protective agent. The combination of 10% w/v lactose and 10% w/w leucine as the protective agents prior to spray drying process showed drastically decreased of cell viability from 5.0 x 1012 CFU/g to 4.3 x 1010 CFU/g. However, increased of leucine percentage (12% w/w leucine) in the combination of the cryoprotective agents slightly improved the cell viability from 4.3 x 1010 CFU/g to 6.0 x 1010 CFU/g. Comparison between freeze drying and spray drying process in terms of drying methods, cell viability immediately after drying process, survival rate, and long term storage product was made. As a result, the freeze drying process using combination of selected cryoprotective agents was showed to be the preferred method for long storage life. Generally, freeze drying process exhibited highest cell viability, high survival rate of spores and long term storage stability of product. Meanwhile, spray drying process showed shorter storage life of viable cells, which only last up to week 29 as compared to week 61 for freeze drying process and there were no viable cells detected at the end of each storage life. Higher reducing sugars were obtained from both spray dried (141.10 mg/g PKC) and freeze dried (86.83 mg/g PKC) A. niger spores compared to fresh A. niger spores that produce 58.57 mg/g PKC. While for mannanase production for spray dried spores was 341.75 U/g of PKC, freeze dried was 330.25 U/g of PKC and fresh A. niger 346.75 U/g of PKC. Powderised spores have shown promising results to reduced NDF, ADF, and CF in PKC and increase CP.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Ahmad, Mohd Azman
author_facet	Ahmad, Mohd Azman
author_sort	Ahmad, Mohd Azman
title	Enhancement of Freeze and Spray Drying Techniques for the Preservation of Aspergillus Niger Spores
title_short	Enhancement of Freeze and Spray Drying Techniques for the Preservation of Aspergillus Niger Spores
title_full	Enhancement of Freeze and Spray Drying Techniques for the Preservation of Aspergillus Niger Spores
title_fullStr	Enhancement of Freeze and Spray Drying Techniques for the Preservation of Aspergillus Niger Spores
title_full_unstemmed	Enhancement of Freeze and Spray Drying Techniques for the Preservation of Aspergillus Niger Spores
title_sort	enhancement of freeze and spray drying techniques for the preservation of aspergillus niger spores
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
publishDate	2009
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/20007/1/FBSB_2009_38_ir.pdf
_version_	1747811455493734400

Enhancement of Freeze and Spray Drying Techniques for the Preservation of Aspergillus Niger Spores

Similar Items