The influence of country image components on Malaysia consumers toward the perceptions of American products

The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between country image and product country image toward the willingness to buy of US products in the context of Malaysia consumers’. The country image divided to affective and cognitive component (i.e. competence, warmth, admiration and cont...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Muhammad Firdaus, Shahidan
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
Published: 2014
Subjects:
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/4207/1/s810699.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/4207/7/s810699_abstract.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.4207
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
advisor Abdul Talib, Asmat Nizam
topic HC Economic History and Conditions
spellingShingle HC Economic History and Conditions
Muhammad Firdaus, Shahidan
The influence of country image components on Malaysia consumers toward the perceptions of American products
description The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between country image and product country image toward the willingness to buy of US products in the context of Malaysia consumers’. The country image divided to affective and cognitive component (i.e. competence, warmth, admiration and contempt). A survey questionnaire was used in order to obtain the feedback from the respondent. Samples of this study were students from University Utara Malaysia and hence, total of 230 valid questionnaires were gathered and analyzed using SEM approach. The result shows that the affective component of country of image has a direct relationship with its consumers’ willingness to buy US products while the cognitive component does not relate to the willingness to buy. This study contributes to both the literature as well as practitioners, on the critical antecedents that help firms to understand consumers’ perception toward American products in the effort of capturing Malaysia’s market.
format Thesis
qualification_name masters
qualification_level Master's degree
author Muhammad Firdaus, Shahidan
author_facet Muhammad Firdaus, Shahidan
author_sort Muhammad Firdaus, Shahidan
title The influence of country image components on Malaysia consumers toward the perceptions of American products
title_short The influence of country image components on Malaysia consumers toward the perceptions of American products
title_full The influence of country image components on Malaysia consumers toward the perceptions of American products
title_fullStr The influence of country image components on Malaysia consumers toward the perceptions of American products
title_full_unstemmed The influence of country image components on Malaysia consumers toward the perceptions of American products
title_sort influence of country image components on malaysia consumers toward the perceptions of american products
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Ghazali Shafie Graduate School of Government
publishDate 2014
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/4207/1/s810699.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/4207/7/s810699_abstract.pdf
_version_ 1747827699308560384
spelling my-uum-etd.42072022-08-03T01:58:03Z The influence of country image components on Malaysia consumers toward the perceptions of American products 2014 Muhammad Firdaus, Shahidan Abdul Talib, Asmat Nizam Ghazali Shafie Graduate School of Government Ghazali Shafie Graduate School of Government HC Economic History and Conditions The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between country image and product country image toward the willingness to buy of US products in the context of Malaysia consumers’. The country image divided to affective and cognitive component (i.e. competence, warmth, admiration and contempt). A survey questionnaire was used in order to obtain the feedback from the respondent. Samples of this study were students from University Utara Malaysia and hence, total of 230 valid questionnaires were gathered and analyzed using SEM approach. The result shows that the affective component of country of image has a direct relationship with its consumers’ willingness to buy US products while the cognitive component does not relate to the willingness to buy. This study contributes to both the literature as well as practitioners, on the critical antecedents that help firms to understand consumers’ perception toward American products in the effort of capturing Malaysia’s market. 2014 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/4207/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/4207/1/s810699.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/4207/7/s810699_abstract.pdf text eng public masters masters Universiti Utara Malaysia Bagozzi, R.P., Nyer, P. & Gopinath, M. (1999). The role of emotions in marketing, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27(2), 184-206. Batra, R., & Ahtola. T. O. (1991). Measuring the Hedonic and Utilitarian Sources of Consumer Attitudes, Marketing Letters, 2, 159-170. Batra, R., Venkatram, R. Alden, D.L., Steenkamp, J.E.M. & Ramachander, S. (2000). Effects of brand local and nonlocal origin on consumer attitudes in developing countries, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 9(2), 83-5. Bar Tal, D. (1997). Formation and change of ethnic and national stereotypes: An integrative model, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 21(4), 491-523 Barich, Howard and Philip Kotler (1991). A Framework for Marketing Image Management, Sloan Management Review, (Winter), 94-104. Bell, M. (2005). A Woman's Scorn: Toward a Feminist Defense of Contempt as a Moral Emotion, Journal of Feminist Philosophy, Hypatia, 20(4), 80. Ben Miled-Cherif H. (2001). L’implication du consommateur et ses perspectives stratégiques, Recherche et Applications en Marketing, 16(1), 65-85. Bilkey, W., & Nes, E. (1982). Country of origin effects on product evaluations, Journal of International Business Studies, 8, 89-99. Brijs, K. (2006). Unravelling Country of Origin, “Semiotics as a Theoretical Basis for a Meaning-Centred Approach Towards Country-of-Origin Effects”. PhD Dissertation, Radboud University, Nijmegem. Burke, M. C. & Edell, J. A. (1989). The Impact of Feelings on Ad-Based Affect and Cognition, Journal of Marketing Research, 26, 69-83. Cacioppo, J. T., Gardner, W. L., Berntson, G.G. (1997). Beyond bipolar conceptualization and measures: the case of attitudes and evaluations space, Journal Personality and Social Psychology Review, 1, 3-13. Cavana, R.Y., Delahaye, B. L., and Sekaran, U. (2001). Applied business research: Qualitative and quantitative methods. Chattalas, M., Kramer, T. & Takada, H. (2008). The impact of national stereotypes on the country of origin effect: A conceptual framework, International Marketing Review, 25(1), 54-74. Cuddy, A.J., Fiske, S.T. and Glick, P. (2007). The Bias map: behaviours from intergroup affect and stereotypes, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(4), 631-48. Crompton, J. L. (1979). An Assessment of the Image of Mexico as a Vacation Destination and the Influence of Geographical Location Upon That Image, Journal of Travel Research, 17(1), 18–23. Damanpour, F. (1993). Temporal shifts of developed country-images: A 20 year view, in Papadopulos, N. and Heslop, L.A. (Eds.), Product-Country Images, 357-78. Demir, K.D. & Tansuhaj, P. (2011). Global vs local brand perceptions among Thais and Turks, Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 23(5), 667-683. Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1971) Constants across culture in the face and emotion, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 17, 124-129. Eagly, A. H., & Kite, M. E. (1987). Are stereotypes of nationalities applied to both women and men, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 451-462. East, R., Harris, P., Wilson, G. and Lomax, W. (1995). Loyalty to supermarkets, the international review of retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 1, 99-109. Erickson, G. M, Johansson, J. K. & Chao, P. (1984). Image Variables in Multi-Attribute Product Evaluations: Country-of-Origin Effects. Journal of Consumer Research, 11, 694-699. Eroglu A. S and Machleit A.K, (1989) Effects of Individual and Product-specific Variables on Utilising Country of Origin as a Product Quality Cue, International Marketing Review, 6(6), 27-41. Fazio, R.H., Sanbonmatsu, D.M., Powell, M.C., & Kardes, F.R. (1986). On the automatic activation of attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 229–238. Feldman, J.M. & Lynch, J.G. (1988). Self-generated validity and other effects of measurement on belief, attitude, intention, and behavior, Journal of Applied Psychology, 73(3), 421-35. Fiske, S.T. et al. (2002) A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition, 82, 878–902. Ghazali M., Othman M. S., Yahya A. Z., and Ibrahim M. S. (2008). Products and country of origin effects: The Malaysian consumers’ Perception, International Review of Business Research Papers, 4(2), 91–102. Glick, P., Fiske, S.T., Abrams, D., Dardenne, B., Critina-Ferreira, M., Gonzalez, R., Hachfeld, C., Huang, L.L., Hutchison, P., Kim, H.J., Manganelli, A.M., Masser, B., Mucchi-Faina, A., Okiebisu, S., Rouhana, N., Saiz, J.L., Sakalli-Ugurlu, N., Volpato, C., Yamamoto, M. and Yzerbyt, V. (2006), “Anti- American sentiment and America’s perceived intent to dominate: An 11-nation study”, Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 28(4), 363-73. Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, selfesteem, and stereotypes. Journal Psychological Review, 102, 4-27. Guyon, J. (2003) ‘Brand America’, Fortune, 27th October, p. 179. Hamzaoui, L., & Merunka, D. (2006). The impact of country of design and country of manufacturer on consumer perceptions of bi-national products’ quality: An empirical model based on the concept of fit, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 23, 145-155. Han, C. M. (1989). Country Image: Halo or Summary Construct? Journal of Marketing Research, 26(2), 222-229. Hair, J. F. J., Money, A. H., Samouel, P., and Page, M. (2007). Research Methods for business, Great Britain: John Wiley & Sons, Limited. Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The used of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In Sinkovics, R.R. & Ghauri, P. N. (Eds.), Advances in International Marketing, 20, 277-319. Heslop, L. A.Papadopoulos, N. Dowdles, M. Wall, M. Compeau, D. (2004). Who Controls the Purse Strings: A Study of Consumers' and Retail Buyers' Reactions in an America's FTA Environment. Journal of Business Research, 57(10). 1177-1188. Hirschman, A. (1984). Against Parsimony: Three Easy Ways of Complicating Economic Discourse. American Economic Review 74, 89-96 Hong, S.T. & Wyer, Jr R. S. (1989). Effects of Country-of- origin and Productattribute Information on Product Evaluation: An Information Processing Perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 16, 175-187. Huddleston, P., Good, LK. & Stoel, L. (2001). Consumer ethnocentrism, product necessity and Polish consumers’ perceptions of quality, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 29(5), 236-46. Johansson, J. K., Douglas, P. D., & Nonaka, I. (1985). Assessing the Impact of Country Origin on Product Evaluations: A New Methodological Perspective, Journal of Marketing Research, 22, 388-396. Johansson, J. K. (1989) Determinants and Effects of the Use of ‘Made in’ Labels. International Marketing Review, 6, 47–58. Kamaruddin, A.R, Mokhlis, S. and Othman, M.N (2002). Ethnocentrism orientation and choice decisions of Malaysian consumers: The effects of socio-cultural and demographic factors, Asia Pacific Management Review, 7, 553-571. Kapferer, J.N and Thoenig J.C. (1994). Les consommateurs face à la copie: étude sur la confusion des marques créée par l’imitation. Revue Française du Marketing, 136, 53-66. Kaynak, E. and Kucukemiroglu, O. (1992). Bank and product selection: Hong Kong, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 10(1), 3-16. Kervyn, N., Fiske, S. T., & Malone, C. (2012). Brands as International Agents Framework: How Perceived Intentions and Ability Can Map Brand Perception, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(2), 166-176. Klein, J. Richard E. and Marlene D. M. (1998). The Animosity Model of Foreign Product Purchase: An Emprical Test in the People's Republic of China, Journal of Marketing, 62, 89-100. Klein, J. (2002). Us versus them, or us versus everyone, Delineating consumer aversion to foreign goods, Journal of International Business Studies, 2, 345-363. Krishnamurthy, Sandeep. (2003). E-Commerce Management. South-Western, Mason, 76-84. Kumar, A., Lee, H. J., & Kim, Y. K. (2009). Indian consumers' purchase intention toward a United States versus local brand, Journal of Business Research, 62(5), 521-527. Laurette, D. C. Cecile, M. & Han. J. (2003). Should consumer attitudes be reduced to their affective and cognitive bases: Validation of a hierarchical model, International Journal Res Mark; 20, 259-72. LeClerc, F., Schmitt, B., & Dube, L. (1994). Foreign Branding and its Effects on Product Perceptions and Evaluations, Journal of Marketing Research, 23, 263-270. Leong, S., Cote, J., Ang, S., Tan, S., Jung, K., Kau, A. & Pornpitakpan, C. (2008). Understanding consumer animosity in an international crisis: Nature, antecedents, and consequences, Journal of International Business Studies, 39(6), 996-1009. Liefeld,J. (1993). Consumer Use of Country of Origin Information in Product Evaluations: Evidence from Experiments, in: Papadopoulos, N. & Heslop, L. (ed.) (1993): “Product country image: Impact and Role in International Marketing. International Business Press, 89-116. Linssen, H. and Hagendoorn, L. (1994). Social and geographic factors in the explanation of the content of European nationality stereotypes, British Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 1396-1406. Li, S. Z. Wang. H and Petrou, M. (1994). Relaxation labelling of Markov random fields, In Proceedings of International Conference Pattern Recognition, 1, 488-492, Jerusalem, Israel. Li, W. K., & Monroe, K. B. (1992). The role of country of origin information on buyers’product evaluation, An in-depth interview approach Paper presented at the American Marketing Association Educator’s Conference. Maher, A. A., & Carter, L. L. (2011). The affective and cognitive components of country image: Perceptions of American products in Kuwait, International Marketing Review, 28(6), 559–580. Moos, Bob (2004). Advertisers Try to Appeal to Over-50 Boomers, Knight Ridder and Tribune Business News, 31. Nagashima, A.A. (1970). Comparison of Japanese and US attitudes toward foreign products, Journal of Marketing, 34, 68-74. Narayana, C. L. (1981). Aggregate Images of American and Japanese Products: Implication on International Marketing. Columbia Journal of World Business, 16(2), 31-35. Nijssen, E. J. & Douglas, S.P. (2004). Examining the animosity model in a country with a high level of foreign trade, International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21(1), 23-38. Obermiller, C. & Spangenberg, E.R. Development of a Scale to Measure Consumer Skepticism Toward Advertising. Journal of Consumer Psychology 2, 159- 186. Orbaiz, M. L. & Papadopoulos, N. (2003). Toward a Model of Consumer Receptivity of Foreign and Domestic Products. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 15(3), 101-126. Oshikawa, S. (1969). Can cognitive dissonance theory explain consumer behavior, The Journal of Marketing, 3(4), 44-49. Papadopoulus, N., Heslop, L. A. (1993). Product and country image: Impact and role in international marketing, New York: Howarth Press. Pappu,R., Quester, P.G. and Cooksey, R.W. (2007). Country image and consumer based brand equity: relationships and implication for international marketing”, Journal of International Business Studies, 38(5), 726-745. Park, C. W., Milberg, S., & Lawson, R. (1991). Evaluation of brand extensions: The role of product-level similarity and brand concept consistency. Journal of Consumer Research, 18(2), 185-193. Parameswaran, R. and Pisharodi, R. (1994). Facets of country of origin image: an empirical assessment, Journal of Advertising, 18(1), 35-49. Peeters, G. (2001). From good and bad to can and must: Subjective necessity of acts associated with positively and negatively valued stimuli, European Journal Social Psychology, 31, 125-136. Peterson, R. A. Jolibert, A. J. P. (1995). A Meta-analysis of Country-of-Origin Effects, Journal of International Business Studies, 26(4), 883-900. Ratier M. (2003). L’image de marque à la frontière de nombreux concepts, Juillet, Cahier de recherche, 158, Centre de Recherche en Gestion, Toulouse. Reeder, G.D. et al. (2002). Inferences about the morality of an aggressor: The role of perceived motive. Journal Social Psychology, 83, 789-803. Ridgeway, C.L. (2001). Gender, Status and Leadership, Journal of Social Issues, 57. Roth, M.S. and Romeo, J.B. (1992). Matching product category and country image perceptions: a framework for managing country of origin effects, Journal of International Business Studies, 23(3), 477-497. Roth, K.P and Diamantopoulus, A. (2009). Advancing the country image construct, Journal of Business Research, 62(7), 726-740. Rozin, P., Loewry, L., Imada S., & Haidt, J. (1999). The CAD triad hypothesis: a mapping between three moral emotions (contempt, anger, disgust) and three moral codes (community, autonomy, divinity), Journal Social Psychology, 76, 574–586. Samiee, S., Shimp, T.A & Sharma, S. (2005)Brand Origin recognition accuracy: Its antecedents and consumers’s cognitive limitations, Journal of International Business Studies, 36(4), 379-97. Samiee, S. (2009). Advancing the Country Image Construct – A Commentary Essay, Journal of Business Research, 2009. Sekaran, U. (2004). Research methods for business: a skill building approach, Fourth Edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons. Shimp T. A and Sharma S. (1987). Consumer ethnocentrism: Construction and validation of the CETSCALE, Journal of Marketing Research, 27, 280-289. Singh, R. and Teoh, J.B.P. (2000). Impression formation from intellectual and social traits: evidence for behavioural adaptation and cognitive processing. Journal Social Psychology, 39, 537-554. Swait, J., and Sweeney, J. C. (2000). Perceived value and its impact on choice behavior in a retail Setting, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 7(2), 77-88. Sweeney, J. C., & Soutar, G. N. (2001). Consumer Perceived Value: The Development of a Multiple Item Scale, Journal of Retailing, 77, 203-220. Verlegh, P.W.J (2001). Country of origin effects on consumer product evaluations, PhD dissertation, Wageningen University, Wageningen. Verlegh, P., & Steenkamp, J.B.E. (1999). A review and meta-analysis of country of origin research, Journal of Economic Psychology, 20, 521-546. Wang, C. L., Li, D., Barnes, B. R., & Ahn, J. (2012). Country image, product image and consumer purchase intention: Evidence from an emerging economy, International Business Review. Wang, W. C. (2006). The effect of product knowledge and brand image on purchase intention moderated by product category, Tatung University, Taiwan. Watson, JJ. and Wright, K., (2000). Consumer ethnocentrism and attitudes toward domestic and foreign products, European Journal of Marketing, 34(9), 1149-1166. Wilson, T. D., Lindsey, S., & Schooler, T. Y. (2000). A model of dual attitudes. Psychological Review, 107, 101-126. Wright, P.L. (1975) Consumer Choice Strategies: Simplifying vs. Optimizing, Journal of Marketing Research, 11, 60-67. Wojciszke, B. et al. (1993). Effects of information content and evaluative extremity on positivity and negativity biases, Journal Social Psychology, 64, 327-336. Wojciszke, B., Bazinska, R. & Jaworski, M. (1998). On the dominance of moral categories in impression formation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 1245-1257. Wojciszke, B. (2005). Affective concomitants of information on morality and competence. Eur. Psychol. 10, 60–70. Ybarra, O. et al. (2001). Young and old adults’ concerns about morality and competence, 25, 85-100. Yoo, C. & D.J. MacInnis (2005). The brand attitude formation process of emotional and informational ads, Journal of Business Research, 58(10), 1397-1406. Yuan, S. T., & Cheng, C. (2004). Ontology-based personalized couple clustering for heterogeneous product recommendation in mobile marketing. Expert Systems with Applications, 26(4), 461-476. Zajonc, R.B, (1984). On the primacy of affect, Journal of American Psychologist, 39, 117-12. Zajonc, R.B. and Markus, H. (1982). Affective and Cognitive Factors in Preferences, Journal of Consumer Research, 9, 123-131. United States Relations with Malaysia. (2014). Retrieved May 20, 2014, from http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2777.htm.