Determinants of customer loyalty in Pakistan's Telecom sector: An exmination of differences between stayers and switchers

Customer loyalty has gained foremost attention among the practitioners and the academic researchers because of its proximity to organizational growth, profit and survival. Based on existing literature, this study has highlighted a few critical issues related to the telecommunication sector in Pakist...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Yaqub, Rana Muhammad Shahid
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
Published: 2018
Subjects:
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/7794/1/s901475_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7794/2/s901475_02.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.7794
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
advisor Halim, Fairol
topic HF5415.33 Consumer Behavior.
spellingShingle HF5415.33 Consumer Behavior.
Yaqub, Rana Muhammad Shahid
Determinants of customer loyalty in Pakistan's Telecom sector: An exmination of differences between stayers and switchers
description Customer loyalty has gained foremost attention among the practitioners and the academic researchers because of its proximity to organizational growth, profit and survival. Based on existing literature, this study has highlighted a few critical issues related to the telecommunication sector in Pakistan such as the decline in subscriber growth, decrease in average revenue, and the increasing trend of users switching among the telecom operators. The objective of the present study was to analyze the impact of perceived service quality, price fairness, justice to service and relational bonds on customer loyalty with the mediating role of customer satisfaction and the moderating role of corporate image. This study also investigated the perceptions of stayer- and switcher- users on the determinants of customer loyalty. The framework of the present study was based on the Oliver Four Stage Model, the Expectancy Confirmation Model and the Principles of Reciprocity. Data for the current study was collected from 539 prepaid subscribers based in four major capital cities of Pakistan through questionnaires by adopting the proportionate stratified random sampling. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS version 23 and the Smart PLS Structure Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings of the study revealed that perceived service quality and customer satisfaction are the main driving forces to customer loyalty. Moreover, customer satisfaction successfully mediates perceived service quality, price fairness, justice to service recovery and relational bonds. However, corporate image does not moderate the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Meanwhile, perceived service quality and relational bonds to loyalty relationship are important to the stayer- users, while price fairness and justice to service recovery are important to switchers. The present study has also suggested some theoretical and practical contributions.
format Thesis
qualification_name Ph.D.
qualification_level Doctorate
author Yaqub, Rana Muhammad Shahid
author_facet Yaqub, Rana Muhammad Shahid
author_sort Yaqub, Rana Muhammad Shahid
title Determinants of customer loyalty in Pakistan's Telecom sector: An exmination of differences between stayers and switchers
title_short Determinants of customer loyalty in Pakistan's Telecom sector: An exmination of differences between stayers and switchers
title_full Determinants of customer loyalty in Pakistan's Telecom sector: An exmination of differences between stayers and switchers
title_fullStr Determinants of customer loyalty in Pakistan's Telecom sector: An exmination of differences between stayers and switchers
title_full_unstemmed Determinants of customer loyalty in Pakistan's Telecom sector: An exmination of differences between stayers and switchers
title_sort determinants of customer loyalty in pakistan's telecom sector: an exmination of differences between stayers and switchers
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business
publishDate 2018
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/7794/1/s901475_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/7794/2/s901475_02.pdf
_version_ 1747828265655992320
spelling my-uum-etd.77942021-08-11T08:15:52Z Determinants of customer loyalty in Pakistan's Telecom sector: An exmination of differences between stayers and switchers 2018 Yaqub, Rana Muhammad Shahid Halim, Fairol Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business HF5415.33 Consumer Behavior. Customer loyalty has gained foremost attention among the practitioners and the academic researchers because of its proximity to organizational growth, profit and survival. Based on existing literature, this study has highlighted a few critical issues related to the telecommunication sector in Pakistan such as the decline in subscriber growth, decrease in average revenue, and the increasing trend of users switching among the telecom operators. The objective of the present study was to analyze the impact of perceived service quality, price fairness, justice to service and relational bonds on customer loyalty with the mediating role of customer satisfaction and the moderating role of corporate image. This study also investigated the perceptions of stayer- and switcher- users on the determinants of customer loyalty. The framework of the present study was based on the Oliver Four Stage Model, the Expectancy Confirmation Model and the Principles of Reciprocity. Data for the current study was collected from 539 prepaid subscribers based in four major capital cities of Pakistan through questionnaires by adopting the proportionate stratified random sampling. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS version 23 and the Smart PLS Structure Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings of the study revealed that perceived service quality and customer satisfaction are the main driving forces to customer loyalty. Moreover, customer satisfaction successfully mediates perceived service quality, price fairness, justice to service recovery and relational bonds. However, corporate image does not moderate the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Meanwhile, perceived service quality and relational bonds to loyalty relationship are important to the stayer- users, while price fairness and justice to service recovery are important to switchers. The present study has also suggested some theoretical and practical contributions. 2018 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/7794/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/7794/1/s901475_01.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/7794/2/s901475_02.pdf text eng public Ph.D. doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia A. Maher, A., & Sobh, R. (2014). The role of collective angst during and after a service failure. Journal of Services Marketing, 28(3), 223-232. Aaker, D. (1990). day, GS (1990) Marketing Research: Newyork: Wiley cop. Abbas, M., Abdullateef, A., & Mokhtar, S. (2015a). Does service recovery lead to customer satisfaction and loyalty in airline industry? A perceived justice theory approach. World Applied Sciences Journal, 33(2), 256-262. Abbas, M. R., Abdullateef, A. O., & Mokhtar, S. S. M. (2015b). Does Service Recovery Lead to Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty in Airline Industry? A Perceived Justice Theory Approach. World Applied Sciences Journal, 33(2), 256-262. Abdelfattah, F. A., Rahman, M. S., & Osman, M. (2015). Assessing the antecedents of customer loyalty on healthcare insurance products: Service quality; perceived value embedded model. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management. 8(5), 1639-1660. Abdul-Aziz, A., Saeed, B. I., & Alexander, A. (2014). Customer satisfaction of mobile telecommunication networks in Ghana: service delivery perspective. The Journal of Accounting and Management(1), 61-71. Abdullah, M. F., Putit, L., & Teo, C. B. C. (2014). Impact of Relationship Marketing Tactics (RMT's) & Relationship Quality on Customer Loyalty: A Study within the Malaysian Mobile Telecommunication Industry. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 130, 371-378. Aboul-Ela, G. M. B. E. (2015). Aanalyzing antecedents of customer loyalty. British Journal of Marketing Studies, 3(5), 34-48. Abrar, M., & Nasir, R. U. (2013). How Customer Loyalty Model Be Operative? A study of Cellular Phone Service Providers in Pakistan. Information Management and Business Review, 5(5), 245. Abubakar, M. M., & Mokhtar, S. S. M. (2015a). Modeling the Effects of Relational Constructs On Student Satisfaction and Loyalty to University. Journal of Marketing and HR, 1(1), 41-54. Abubakar, M. M., & Mokhtar, S.S. M. (2015b). Relationship marketing, long term orientation and customer loyalty in higher education. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(4), 466. Abubakar, M. M., Mokhtar, S. S. M., & Abdullattef, A. O. (2013). The Role of Long- Tenn Orientation and Service Recovery on the Relationships between Trust, Bonding, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty: The Case of Nigerian Retail Banks. Asian Social Science, 10(2), 209. Achour, M., Md Said, N. P., & Boerhannoeddin, A. (2011). Customer loyalty: The case of mobile phone users in Universiti Utara Malaysia. International Journal of Management Studies (IJMS). 18(2), 43-66. Adams, J. S. (1963). Towards an understanding of inequity. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67(5), 422. Adeleke, A., & Suraju, A. A. (2012). The determinants of customer loyalty in Nigeria's GSM market. International journal of business and social science, 3(14). Adiwijaya, M. (2014b). Relation! mruketing and customer switching tendency in islamic banking in east java. Jurnal Manajemen dan Ke:wirausahaan, 16(1), 17-26. Adjei, K., & Denanyoh, R. (2014). Detenninants of Customer Loyalty among Mobile Telecom Subscribers in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. International Journal of Business and Social Research, 4(1), 82-95. Adoyo, B., Ondoro, C. O., Ojera, P. B., Abong'o, B., Aila, F. O., & Jeremiah, S. N. (2012). The relationship between customer service quality and customer loyalty among retail pharmacies in Western Kenya. Business and Management Review, 2(3), 11-21. Afridi, S. A., Gui, S., Haider, M., & Batool, S. (2018). Mediating Effect of Customers' Trust between the Association of Corporate Social Responsibility and Customers' Loyalty: An Empirical Investigation from Telecom Sector. Pakistan Journal of Commerce & Social Sciences, 12(1). Afihanorhan, W. (2013). A comparison of partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and eovariance based structural equation modeling (CBSEM) for confirmatory factor analysis. International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology, 2(5), 198-205. Aguinis, H., Gottfredson, R. K., & Joo, H. (2013). Best-practice recommendations for defining, identifying, and handling outliers. Organizational Research Methods, 16(2), 270-301. Agustin, C., & Singh, J. (2005). Curvilinear effects of consumer loyalty determinants in relational exchanges. Journal of marketing research, 42(1), 96-108. Agyei, P. M., & Kilika, J.M. (2013). The relationship between service quality and customer loyalty in the Kenyan mobile telecommunication service industry. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(23 ), 26-36. Agyei, P. M., & Kilika, J.M. (2014). Relationship between corporate image and customer loyalty in the mobile telecommunication market in Kenya. Management, 2(5), 299-308. Ahmad, A. (2017). Mobile Operators Need A Loyalty Program in Pakistan Telecommunication sector. Ahmad, J., Hussain, M., & Rajput, A. (2015). Customer loyalty framework of telecommunication service market. International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains, 6(1 ), 83. Ahmad, U. (2011). What makes customers brand loyal: A study on telecommunication sector of Pakistan. International journal of business and social science, 2(14 ). Ahmad, Z., Ahmed, I., Nawaz, M. M., Usman, A., Shaukat, M. Z., & Ahmad, N. (2010). Impact of Service Quality of Short Messaging Service on Customers Retention; an Empirical Study of Cellular Companies of Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(6), 154. Ahmed, I., Nawaz, M. M., Usman, A., Shaukat, M. Z., Ahmad, N., & Iqbal, H. (2010). Impact of Service Quality on Customers' Satisfaction: Empirical evidence from telecom sector of Pakistan. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research In Business, 1(12), 98. Ahmed, I., Nawaz, M. M., Usman, A., Shaukat, M. Z., &Ahmed, N. (2010). A mediation of customer satisfaction relationship between service quality and repurchase intentions for the teleeom sector in Pakistan: A case study of university students. African Journal of Business Management, 4(16), 3457. Aisyah Yaakob, N. S. M., NurNashreena Aliya Mohd Ghani, Nur Ain Abd, & Othman, R. a. A. K. (2016). The effect of percieved service recovery justice on customer loyalty: Role affection as a moderator in malaysian telecommunication sector. Advances in Business Research International Journal. Akamavi, R. K., Mohamed, E., Pellmann, K., & Xu, Y. (2015). Key determinants of passenger loyalty in the low-cost airline business. Tourism management, 46, 528-545. Akbar, M. M., & Parvez, N. (2009). Impact of service quality, trust, and customer satisfaction on customers loyalty. ABAC journal, 29(1). Akhtar, N., Latif, M., & Ashraf, A. (2016). The Impact of Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty Programs on Customer's Loyalty. International Review of Management and Business Research, 5(3), 817. AKMAL, M. (2017). Factor Causing Customer Churn: A Qualitative Explanation Of Customer Churns In Pakistan Telecom Industry. Akroush, M. N. (2008). Exploring the mediation effect of service quality implementation on the relationship between service quality and performance in the banking industry in Jordan. Global Business and Economics Review, 10(1), 98-122, Aksoy, L., Buoye, A., Aksoy, P., Lariviere, B., & Keiningham, T. L. (2013). A crossnational investigation of the satisfaction and loyalty linkage for mobile telecommunications services across eight countries. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 27(1), 74-82. Aktepe, A., Ers{lz, S., & Toklu, B. (2015). Customer satisfaction and loyalty analysis with classification algorithms and Structural Equation Modeling. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 86, 9S-106. Al-Hashedi, A.H., & Abkar, S. A. (2017). The hnpact of Service Quality Dimensions on Customer Satisfaction in Telecom Mobile Companies in Yemen. American Journal of Economics, 7(4), 186-193. Al-Msallam, S. (2015). Customer satisfaction and brand loyalty in the hotel industry. Al-Zoubi, M. R. (2013). Service Quality Effects on Customer Loyalty among the Jordanian Telecom Sector" Empirical Study". International Journal of Business and Management, 8(7), 35. Alam, M.A., Roy, D., & Akther, R. (2016). Consumers' Expectation and Perception toward Mobile Telecommunication Usage in Bangladesh. Asian Business Review, 6(1), 57-64. Ali, F., Amin, M., & Ryu, K. (2016). The role of physical environment, price perceptions, and consumption emotions in developing customer satisfaction in Chinese resort hotels. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 17(1), 45-70. Ali, F., & Muqadas, S. (2015). The Impact of Brand Equity on Brand Loyalty: The Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 9(3), 890-915. Alireza, F., Ali, K, & Aram, F. (2011). How quality, value, image, and satisfaction create loyalty at an Iran telecom. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(8), 271. Allaway, A. W., Gooner, R. M., Berkowitz, D., & Davis, L. (2006). Deriving and exploring behavior segments within a retail loyalty card program. European Journal of marketing, 40(11/12), 1317-1339. Alnaimi, H. M. A. (2012a). Relationship Marketing in the Jordanian Internet Sector: The Inchusion of Switching Behaviour and Relationship Bonds Into Relationship Marketing Model: Griffith University. Alnaimi, H. M.A. (2012b). Relationship Marketing in the Jordanian Internet Sector: The lnchusion of Switching Behaviour and Relationship Bonds Into Relationship Marketing Model. Griffith University. Amin, S. M., Ahmad, U. N. U., & Hui, L. S. (2012). Factors contributing to customer loyalty towards telecommunication service provider. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 40, 282-286. Anderson, E.T., & Simester, D. (2013). Advertising in a competitive market: the role of product standards, customer learning, and switching costs. Journal of marketing research, 50( 4), 489-504. Anderson, E.W., & Sullivan, M. W. (1993). The antecedents and consequences of customer satisfaction for firms. Marketing science, 12(2), 125-143. Anderson, R. E., & Srinivasan, S. S. (2003). E-satisfaction and e-loyalty: A contingency framework. Psychology & Marketing, 20(2), 123-138. Angelova, B., & Zekiri, J. (2011). Measuring customer satisfaction with service quality using American Customer Satisfaction Model (ACSI Model). International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 1(3), 232. Anil Bilgihan, D. M. G. N., Dr, Chai, J.C. Y., Malhotra, N. K., & Dash, S. (2015). The impact of relational bonding on intention and loyalty: The mediating role of the commitment foci in service relationships. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 6(3), 203-227. Anjum, A., Zeb, A., Afridi, I. U., Shah, P. M., Anjum, A., Raza, B., ...Anwar, Z. (2017). Optimizing Coverage of Churn Prediction in Telecommunication Industry. Internationjounal of advance coumputer sciences, 8(5), 179-188. Ansar, S. (2015). The impact of service quality on customer satisfaction in telecom sector of Pakistan. An empirical study of Pakistan. Anton, C., Camarero, C., & Carrero, M. (2007). The mediating effect of satisfaction on consumers' switching intention. Psychology & Marketing, 24(6), 511-538. Arantola, H. (2002). Consumer bonding-a conceptual exploration. Journal of Relationship Marketing, 1(2), 93-107. Armstrong, J. S., & Overton, T. S. (1977). Estimating nonresponse bias in mail surveys. Journal of marketing research, 396-402. Arokiasamy, A. R. A., & Abdullah, A.G. (2013). Service quality and customer satisfaction in the cellular telecommunication service provider in Malaysia. Researchers World, 4(2), 1. Asadi, A., Khazaei Pool, J., & Reza Jalilvand, M. (2014). The effect of perceived price fairness through satisfaction and loyalty on international tourists' price acceptance of Islamic-Iranian art products. Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern issues, 7(4), 201-215. Ashraf, H. A., & Manzoor, N. (2017). An examination of customer loyalty and customer participation in the service recovery process in the Pakistani hotel industry: A pitch. Journal of Accounting and Management Information Systems, 16(1), 199-202. Asiedu, M., & Sarfo, J. O. (2013). A multi-dimensional service delivery among mobile network providers in Ghana: A case of customer satisfaction. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 9(23). Assefa, E. S. (2014 ). The effects of justice oriented service recovery on customer satisfaction and loyalty in retail banks in ethiopia. Emerging Markets Journal, 4(1),49. Asubonteng, P., McCleary, K. J., & Swan, J.E. (1996). SERVQUAL revisited: a critical review of service quality. Journal of Services Marketing, 10(6), 62-81. Atique, F. (2017). PTA Received I 0237 Complaints from Customers Against Telecom Operators. https://www.phoneworld.com.pk/pta-received-10237-complaints-from-customers-against-telecom-operators Atta, A. (2016). Pakistan's Telecom Industry is in Deep Trouble [Part 2]. Awa, H. O., Ogwo, O. E., & Ukoha, O. (2014). Mobile phone service recovery: Its reflection on post-complaint behaviour. Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 16, 1. Awan, A.G., & Iqbal, J. (2014). Role of Relationship Marketing in Building Customers' Loyalty-A case study of the Mobile Telecommunication industry in Southern Punjab-Pakistan. British Journal of Marketing Studies, 2(7), 60-79. Aydin, S., & Ozer, G. (2005). The analysis of antecedents of customer loyalty in the Turkish mobile telecommunication market. European Journal of marketing, 39(7 /8), 910-925. Aydin, S., & 6zer, G. (2006). How switching costs affect subscriber loyalty in the Turkish mobile phone market: An exploratory study. Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 14(2), 141-155. Aydin, S., Ozer, G., & Arasil, O. (2005). Customer loyalty and the effect of switching costs as a moderator variable: A case in the Turkish mobile phone market. Marketing intelligence & Planning, 23(1), 89-103. Aydinli, C., & Senyurek, E. (2016). Measuring Impact of Service Quality Dimensions on Customers Satisfaction: Case ofGSM Users in Poland. international Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 6(1), 127-133. Azman, S., & Gomiscek, B. (2015). Functional form of connections between perceived service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in the automotive servicing industry. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 26(7-8), 888-904. Bacon, D.R., Sauer, P. L., & Young, M. (1995). Composite reliability in structmal equations modeling. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 55(3), 394-406. Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation ofstructmal equation models. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 16( I), 74-94. Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (2012). Specification, evaluation, and interpretation of structural equation models. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 40(1), 8-34. Bahjat El-Darwiche, P. P. I., Christine Rupp & Dr. Florian Groene. (2017). 2017 Telecommunications Trends,Aspiring to digital simplicity and clarity in strategic identity. Bahri-Ammari, N., & Bilgihan, A. (2017). The effects of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice on customer retention: An empirical investigation in the mobile telecom industry in Tunisia. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 37, 89-100. Ball, D., Simoes Coelho, P., & Machas, A. (2004). The role of communication and trust in explaining customer loyalty: An extension to the ECSI model. European Journal of marketing, 38(9110), 1272-1293. Baloch, Q. B., & Jamshed, J. (2017). Service Quality Attributes and Customer Loyalty: Case Study of Pakistan International Air Line. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 11(1), 92. Bambauer-Sachse, S., & Rabeson, L. (2015). Determining adequate tangible compensation in service recovery processes for developed and developing countries: The role of severity and responsibility. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 22, 117-127. Bansal, V., & Bansal, B. (2013). A study on customer satisfaction of mobile phone service users operating in the Malwa region of the Punjab. ABAC journal, 33(3). Banyte, J., Rutelione, A., Gadeikiene, A., & Belkeviciute, J. (2016). Expression of Irrationality in Consumer Behaviour: Aspect of Price Perception. Engineering Economics, 27(3), 334-344. Barakat, L. L., Ramsey, J. R., Lorenz, M. P., & Gosling, M. (2015). Severe service failure recovery revisited: Evidence of its determinants in an emerging market context. International journal of research in marketing, 32(1), 113-116. Barclay, D., Higgins, C., & Thompson, R. (1995). The Partial Least Squares (pis) Approach to Casual Modeling: Personal Computer Adoption Ans Use as an Illustration. Barlett, J. E., Kotrlik, J. W., & Higgins, C. C. (2001). Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survey research. Information technology, learning, and performance journal, 19(1), 43. Barnett, V., & Lewis, T. (1994). Outliers in statistical data (Vol. 3): Wiley New York. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51( 6), 1173. Barua, A. (2013). Methods for decision-making in survey questionnaires based on Likert scale. Journal of Asian Scientific Research; 3(1), 35. Bassey, F. 0. (2014). The Effect of Perceived Price Fairness on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty. Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU)-Dogu Akdeniz Oniversitesi (DAU). Bayraktar, E., Tatoglu, E., Turkyilmaz, A., Delen, D., & Zaim, S. (2012). Measuring the efficiency of customer satisfaction and loyalty for mobile phone brands with DEA. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(1), 99-106. Bechwati, N. N., Sisodia, R. S., & Sheth, J. N. (2009). Developing a model of antecedents to consumers' perceptions and evaluations of price unfairness. Journal of Business Research, 62(8), 761-767. Becker, J.-M., Klein, K., & Wetzels, M. (2012). Hierarchical latent variable models in PLS-SEM: guidelines for using reflective-formative type models. Long Range Planning, 45(5), 359-394. Beerli, A., Martin, J. D., & Quintana, A. (2004). A model of customer loyalty in the retail banking market. European Journal of marketing, 38(112), 253-275. Bei, L.-T., & Chiao, Y.-C. (2006). The determinants of customer loyalty: an analysis of intangible factors in three service industries. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 16(3/4), 162-177. Bennet, A., & Bennet, D. (2004). Organizational survival in the new world: Routledge. Berry, L. L. (1995). Relationship marketing of services-growing interest, emerging perspectives. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 23(4), 236-245. Berry, L. L., Bolton, R. N., Bridges, C. H., Meyer, J., Parasuraman, A., & Seiders, K. (2010). Opportunities for innovation in the delivery of interactive retail services. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 24(2), 15 5-167. Berry, L. L., & Parasuraman, A. (2004). Marketing services: Competing through quality: Simon and Schuster. Bhukya, R., & Singh, D. S. (2013). Brand preference of students towards choosing cellular service providers in Hyderabad city. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing & Management Review ISSN, 2319, 2836. Bhutto, N. A., & Laghari, M. K. (2012). Exploring the Difference between Stayers and Switchers as Corporate Customers for Life Insurance Companies in Sindh. Asian Social Science, 8(6), 233. Bijttebier, P., Delva, D., Vanoost, S., Bobbaers, H., Lauwers, P., & Vertommen, H. (2000). Reliability and validity of the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory in a Dutch-speaking Belgian sample. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 29(4), 278-286. Biery, E., Batistatos, N., Papastratou, E., Perifanos, I., Remoundaki, G., & Retsina, M. (2009). Service quality and customer retention in mobile telephony. Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 17(1), 27-37. Blumberg, B. F., Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2014). Business research methods: McGraw-hill education. Blut, M., Evanschitzky, H., Vogel, V., & Ahlert, D. (2007b ). Switching barriers in the four-stage loyalty model. NA-Advances in Consumer Research Volume 34. Bodet, G. (2008). Customer satisfaction and loyalty in service: Two concepts, four constructs, several relationships. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 15(3), 156-162. Bollen, K. A., & Stine, R. (1990). Direct and indirect effects: Classical and bootstrap estimates of variability. Sociological methodology, 115-140. Bolton, L. E., Warlop, L., & Alba, J. W. (2003). Conswner perceptions of price (un) fairness. Journal of consumer research, 29( 4), 474-491. Bolton, R. N. (1998). A dynamic model of the duration of the customer's relationship with a continuous service provider: The role of satisfaction. Marketing science, 17(1), 45-65. Bolton, R. N ., & Lemon, K. N. (1999). A dynamic model of customers' usage of services: Usage as an antecedent and consequence of satisfaction. Journal of marketing research, 171-186. Bolton, R. N., Lemon, K. N., & Verhoef, P. C. (2004). The theoretical underpinnings of customer asset management: A framework and propositions for future research. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 32(3), 271-292. Bontis, N., Booker, L. D., & Serenko, A. (2007). The mediating effect of organizational reputation on customer loyalty and service recommendation in the banking industry. Management Decision, 45(9), 1426-1445. Boohene, R., & Agyapong, G. K. (2010). Analysis of the antecedents of customer loyalty of telecommunication industry in Ghana: The case of Vodafone (Ghana). International business research, 4(1), 229. Boohene, R., & Agyapong, G. K. (2011). Analysis of the antecedents of customer loyalty of telecommunication industry in Ghana: The case of Vodafone (Ghana). International business research, 4(1), 229. Boshoft; C. (2005). A re-assessment and refinement of RECOVSAT: An instrument to measure satisfaction with transaction-specific service recovery. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal. 15(5), 410-425. Boshoff, C., & Du Plessis, P. J. (2009). Services marketing: A contemporary approach: Juta and Company Ltd. Bowden, J. L.-H. (2011). Engaging the student as a customer: A relationship marketing approach. Marketing Education Review, 21(3), 211-228. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment, Vol. I of Attachment and loss: New York: Basic Books. Brady, M. K., Voorhees, C. M., & Brusco, M. J. (2012). Service sweethearting: its antecedents and customer consequences. Journal of marketing, 76(2), 81-98. Brinberg, D., & Castell, P. (1982). New directions in equity research. Journal of personality and social psychology, 43(2), 260-269. Brown, S. P., & Leigh, T. W. (1996). A new look at psychological climate and its relationship to job involvement, effort, and performance. Journal of applied psychology, 81(4), 358. Brush, T. H., Dangol, R., & O'Brien, J.P. (2012). Customer capabilities, switching costs, and bank performance. Strategic Management Journal, 33(13), 1499-1515. Burns, A. C., & Bush, R. F. (2004). Marketing research: Online research applications: Prentice Hall. Bush, A. J., & Hair Jr, J. F. (1985). An assessment of the mall intercept as a data collection method. Journal of marketing research, 158-167. Burtle, F. (1996). SERVQUAL: review, critique, research agenda. European Journal of marketing, 30(1), 8-32. Burtle, F. A., Ahmad, R., & Aldlaigan, A.H. (2002). The theory and practice of customer bonding. Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, 9(2), 3-27. Cai, R., & Chi, C. G.-Q. (2018). The impacts of complaint efforts on customer satisfaction and loyalty. The Service Industries Journal, 1-21. Campbell, M. C. (2007). "Says who?!" How the source of price information and affect influence perceived price (un) fairness. Journal of marketing research, 44(2), 261-271. Carman, J. M. (1990). Consumer Perceptions Of Service Quality: An Assessment Of T. Journal of Retailing, 66(1), 33. Caruana, A. (2002). Service loyalty: The effects of service quality and the mediating role of customer satisfaction. European Journal of marketing, 36(7/8), 811-828. Caruana, A. (2003). The impact of switching costs on customer loyalty: A study among corporate customers of mobile telephony. Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 12(3), 256-268. Caruana, A., Pitt, L. F., & Ramasashan, B. (2015). Satisfaction As A Mediator in The Link Between Service Quality And Service Loyalty. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2000 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference. Cavana, R. Y., Delahaye, B. L., & Sekaran, U. (2001). Applied business research: Qualitative and quantitative methods: John Wiley & Sons Australia. Chadha, S., & Kapoor, D. (2009). Effect of switching cost, service quality and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty of cellular service providers in Indian market. IUP Journal of Marketing Management, 8(1), 23. Chai, J.C. Y., Malhotra, N. K., & Dash, S. (2015). The impact ofrelational bonding on intention and loyalty. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 6(3), 203. Chang, C.-C. (2015). Exploring mobile application customer loyalty: The moderating effect of use contexts. Telecommunications policy, 39(8), 678-690. Chang, C.-C., & Chen, C.-Y. (2013). Alleviating the negative impact of delayed recovery: process-versus outcome-focused explanations. Journal of Services Marketing, 27(7), 564-571. Chang, P. K, & Chong, H. (2011). Customer satisfaction and loyalty on service provided by Malaysian telecommunication companies. Paper presented at the Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICEEn, 2011 International Conference on. Chang, Y.-W., & Chang, Y.-H. (2010). Does service recovery affect satisfaction and customer loyalty? An empirical study of airline services. Journal of Air Transport Management, 16(6), 340-342. Chattha, M. N., Naqi, A., & Haroon, A. (2016). The Impact of Perceived Quality, Value and Loyalty on the Customer Retention in the Telecommunications Sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Online Marketing Research, 2(2), 25-31. Chen, C.-F., & Cheng, L.-T. (2012). A study on mobile phone service loyalty in Taiwan. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 23(7-8), 807-819. Chen, C.-F., & Myagmarsuren, O. (2011). Brand equity, relationship quality, relationship value, and customer loyalty: Evidence from the telecommunications services. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 22(9), 957-974. Chen, J.-L. (2016). The Relationship among Service Quality, Relationship Quality, and Customer Loyalty for Chain Restaurant industry. International Joumol of Marketing Studies, 8(3), 33. Chen, P., &Kim, Y. G. (2017). Role of the perceived justice of service recovery: A comparison of first-time and repeat visitors. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 1467358417704885. Cheng, B.-L., & Rashid, M. Z. A. (2013). Service Quality and the Mediating Effect of Corporate Image on the Relationship between Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty in the Malaysian Hotel Industry. Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business, 15(2). Cheng, B. L., & Rashid, Z. A. (2015). Interrelationships of Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Corporate Image and Customer Loyalty of Malaysian Hotel Industry Cultural Tourism in a Digital Era (pp. 37-38): Springer. Cheng, S.-L (2011). Comparisons of competing models between attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty. International journal of business and social science, 2(10), 149-166. Cheung, F. Y. M., Cheung, F. Y. M., To, W. M., & To, W. M. (2016). A customerdominant logic on service recovery and customer satisfaction. Management Decision, 54(10), 2524-2543. Chin, W. W. (1998). Commentary: Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling: JSTOR. Chin, W. W. (2003). Issues and opinions on structural equation modeling. Chin, W.W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. Handbook of partial least squares, 655-690. Chin, W.W., Henseler, J., Vinzi, V. E., & Wang, H. (2010). Handbook of Partial Least Squares: Concepts, Methods and Applications: Springer. Chin, W.W., Marcolin, B. L., & Newsted, P.R. (2003). A partial least squares latent variable modeling approach for measuring interaction effects: Results from a Monte Carlo simulation study and an electronic-mail emotion/adoption study. Information systems research, 14(2), 189-217. Chinedu, A. H., Haron, S. A., & Osman, S. (2017). Predictors of Complain Behaviour among Mobile Telecommunication Network Consumers. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 9(1), 119. Chinomona, R., & Sandada, M. (2013). Predictors ofcustomer loyalty to mobile service provider in South Africa. The International Business & Economics Research Journal (Online), 12(12), 1631. Chiu, H.-C., Hsieh, Y.-C., Li, Y.-C., & Lee, M. (2005). Relationship marketing and consumer switching behavior. Journal of Business Research, 58(12), 1681-1689. Chiu, H.-C., Lee, M., Hsieh, Y.-C., & Chen, L.-Y. (2007). Building customer relationships: a comparison across multiple service encounters. NA-Advances in Consumer Research Volume 34. Choi, B., & Choi, B.-J. (2014). The effects of perceived service recovery justice on customer affection, loyalty, and word-of-mouth. European Journal of marketing, 48(1/2), 108-131. Chong, H. L. (2008). Relationships between customer satisfactions and service loyalty: usersiiefM perception on telecommunication service providers in. University of Malaya. Chou, C., Hsu, Y.-H., & Goo, Y.-J. (2009). Seivice Failures and Recovery Strategies from the Seivice Provider Perspective. Asia Pacific Management Review, 14(2), 237-249. Chou, P.-F., Lu, C.-S., & Chang, Y.-H. (2014). Effects ofseivice quality and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty in high-speed rail seivices in Taiwan. Transportmetrica A: Transport Science, 10(10), 917-945. Christou, E. (2003). Guest loyalty likelihood in relation to hotels' corporate image and reputation: a study of three countries in Europe. Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing, 10(3-4), 85-99. Chumpitaz Caceres, R., & Paparoidamis, N. G. (2007). Seivice quality, relationship satisfaction, trust, commitment and business-to-business loyalty. European Journal of marketing, 41 (7/8), 836-867. Chung, J. Y., & Petrick, J. F. (2015). Measuring price fairness: Development ofa multidimensional scale. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 32(7), 907-922. Chung, K.-H., Yu, J.-E., Choi, M.-G., & Shin, J.-I. (2015). The effects of CSR on customer satisfaction and loyalty in China: the moderating role of corporate image. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3(5), 542-547. Churchill, G. A., & Iacobucci, D. (2006). Marketing research: methodological foundations: Dryden Press New York. Churchill Jr, G. A., & Surprenant, C. (1982). An investigation into the determinants of customer satisfaction. Journal of Marketing Research, 491-504. CISCO. (2015). Cisco visual networking index: global mobile data traffic forecast update, 2014--2019. Tech. Rep. CISCO. (2017). Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2016-2021. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences . Hilsdale. NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, 2. Coulthard, L. J. M. (2004). Measuring service quality: A review and critique of research using SERVQUAL. International Journal of Market Research. Craig, C. S., & Douglas, S. P. (2000). Configural advantage in global markets. Journal of International Marketing, 8(1), 6-26. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches: Sage publications. Cronin Jr, J. J., & Taylor, S. A. (1992). Measuring service quality: a reexamination and extension. The Journal of marketing, 55-68. Cronin Jr, J. J., & Taylor, S. A. (1994). SERVPERF versus SERVQUAL: reconciling performance-based and perceptions-minus-expectations measurement of service quality. The Journal of marketing, 125-131. Cronk, B. C. (2017). How to use SPSS®: A step-by-step guide to analysis and interpretation: Routledge. Cudjoe, A.G., Anim, P.A., & George, A. A. (2015). Effect of Customers' Satisfaction of Service Delivery on Customers' Retention of Tigo Telecommunication Network (A Case of Abokobi-Madina Locality). The International Journal of Business & Management, 3(1), 146. Dabholkar, P.A., Shepherd, C. D., & Thorpe, D. I. (2000). A comprehensive framework for service quality: an investigation of critical conceptual and measurement issues through a longitudinal study. Journal of Retailing, 76(2), 139-173. Danish, R. Q., Ahmad, F., Ateeq, A., Ali, H. Y., & Humayon, A. A. (2015). Factors affecting customer retention in telecom sector of Pakistan. American Journal of Marketing Research, 1(2), 28-36. Daskalopoulou, I., & Petrou, A. (2006). Consumers' expenditures and perceived price fairness. International Journal of Social Economics, 33(11), 766-780. Datta, P.R. (2018). Relationship Marketing and Customer Retention in Bangladesh's Food Retailing Sector. Dawson, C. (2007). Pracfical research methods: A user-friendly guide to mastering research techniques and projects: How To Books Ltd., Oxford. Day, G. (1969). A Two-Dimentional Concept of Brand Loyalty Working Papter. State University of New York at Buffalo. Dayan, M., Al-Tamimi, H. A. H., & Elhadji, A. L. (2008). Perceived justice and customer loyalty in the retail banking sector in the UAE. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 12(4), 320-330. de Leaniz, P. M. G., & de] Bosque Rodriguez, I. R. (2016). Corporate image and reputation as drivers of customer loyalty. Corporate Reputation Review, 19(2), 166-178. Deng, Z., Lu, Y., Wei, K. K., & Zhang, J. (2010). Understanding customer satisfaction and loyalty: An empirical study of mobile instant messages in China. International Journal of Information Management, 30(4), 289-300. DeWitt, T., Nguyen, D. T., & Marshall, R. (2008). Exploring customer loyalty following service recovery: The mediating effects of trust and emotions. Journal of Service Research, 10(3), 269-281. Dhamdhere, P. (2016). A New View of Telecommunications Loyalty. http://www.annexcloud.com/blog/2016/11/29/telecommunications-loyaltyopportunity/ Diller, H. (2008). Price fairness. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 17(5), 353-355. Dmitrienko, A., Chuang-Stein, C., & D'Agostino, R. B. (2007). Pharmaceutical statistics using SAS: a practical guide: SAS Institute. Domb, M., Sujata, J., Sanjay, B., Arindam, R., & Jypti, S. (2018). An Empirical Study to Measure Customer Experience for Telecom Operators in Indian Telecom Industry. GSTF Journal on Business Review (GBR), 4(2). Dominic, P., Goh, K. N., Wong, D., & Chen, Y. Y. (2010). The importance of service quality for competitive advantage-with special reference to industrial product. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 6(3), 378-397. Dongre, S. (2016). Factors effecting choice of Telecom Operator: An empirical evidence from Hyderabad. International Journal, 4(4). Doong, H. S., Wang, H. C., & Shih, H. C. (2008). Exploring loyalty intention in the electronic marketplace. Electronic Markets, 18(2), 142-149. Druckman, D. (2005). Doing research: Methods of inquiry for conflict analysis: Sage. Duarte, P. A. 0., & Raposo, M. L. B. (2010). A PLS model to study brand preference: An application to the mobile phone market Handbook of partial least squares (pp. 449-485): Springer. Dubey, A., & Srivastava, A. (2016). Impact of Service Quality on Customer Loyalty-A Study on Telecommunication Sector in India. Journal of Business and Management, 18(2), 45-55. Dwyer, F. R., Schurr, P.H., & Oh, S. (1987). Developing buyer-seller relationships. The Journal of marketing, 11-27. East, R., Gendall, P., Hammond, K., & Lomax, W. (2005). Consumer loyalty: singular, additive or interactive? Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 13(2), 10-26. Edmondson, D., Edwards, Y., & Boyer, S. (2012). Likert scales: A marketing perspective. International Journal of Business. Marketing, and Decision Sciences, 5(2), 73-85. Edward, M., & Sahadev, S. (2011). Role of switching costs in the service quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction and customer retention linkage. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 23(3), 327-345. El-Adly, M. I. (2018). Modelling the relationship between hotel pereeived value, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. Ellie Scott, R. S. a. C. C. (2016). Customer satisfaction in telecoms is on the up, but remains lowest ranked sector (Press release] Endang Prihatiningsih, H. W. 0., Suwitho and Sonang Sitohang. (2016a). Influence of relational bonding, trust and satisfaction on customer commitment and loyalty to Bank Jatim. International Journal of Business and Finance Management Research, 4(2), 17-25. Endang Prihatiningsih, H. W. 0., Suwitho and Sonang Sitohang. (2016b). Influence of relational bonding, trust and satisfaction on customer commitment and loyalty to Bank Jatim. international journal of Business & Finance Management Research, 17-25. Estalami, H., Maxwell, S., Martin-Consuegra, D., Molina, A., & Esteban, A. (2007). An integrated model of price, satisfaction and loyalty: an empirical analysis in the service sector. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 16(7), 459-468. Evanschitzky, H., & Wunderlich, M. (2006). An examination of moderator effects in the four-stage loyalty model. Journal of Service Research, 8(4), 330-345. EY. (2016). Global telecommunications study: navigating the road to 2020. Falk, A., & Fischbacher, U. (2006). A theory of reciprocity. Games and economic behavior, 54(2), 293-315. Fassott, G., Fassott, G., Henseler, J., Henseler, J., Coelho, P. S., & Coelho, P. S. (2016). Testing moderating effects in PLS path models with composite variables. Industrial management & data systems, 116(9), 1887-1900. Fehr, E., & GHchter, S. (2000). Fairness and retaliation: The economics of reciprocity. The journal of economic perspectives, 14(3), 159-181. Fernandes, A. A. R. (2018). The mediation effect of customer satisfaction in the relationship between service quality, service orientation, and marketing mix strategy to customer loyalty. Journal of Management Development, 37(1), 76-87. Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS: Sage publications. Fierro, J.C., Polo, I. M., & Olivan, F. J. S. (2014). From dissatisfied customers to evangelists of the firm: A study of the Spanish mobile service sector. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 17(3), 191-204. Fisher, C. (2007). Researching and writing a dissertation: a guidebook for business students: Pearson Education. Floh, A., & Treiblmaier, H. (2006). What keeps thee-banking customer loyal? A multigroup analysis of the moderating role of consumer characteristics oneloyalty in the financial service industry. Fornell, C., Johnson, M. D., Anderson, E.W., Cha, J., & Bryant, B. E. (1996). The American customer satisfaction index: nature, purpose, and findings. The Journal of marketing, 7-18. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1987). A second generation of multivariate analysis: Classification of methods and implications for marketing research. Review of marketing, 1, 407-450. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 39-50. Fraering, M., & Minor, M. S. (2013). Beyond loyalty: customer satisfaction, loyalty, and fortitude. Journal of Services Marketing, 27(4), 334-344. G.C. Pandey, R. S. D. K. S. (2014). Age effect on usage behavior of Mobile phone services International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology, 5(6), 26-32. Galperin, H., & Mariscal, J. (2007). Mobile opportunities: poverty and telephony access in Latin America and the Caribbean. Report, November. Ditilogo Regional sobre Sociedad de la Informacion (DIRSI). Ganesh, J., Arnold, M. J., & Reynolds, K. E. (2000). Understanding the customer base of service providers: an examination of the differences between switchers and stayers. Journal of marketing, 64(3), 65-87. Gangadhar, P. (2017). Building customer loyalty: A case study of Indian telecom industry from customers' perspective. Dublin Business School. Garbarino, E., & Johnson, M. S. (1999). The different roles of satisfaction, trust, and commitment in customer relationships. The Journal of marketing, 70-87. Gates, R., & Solomon, P. J. (1982). Rserch usnig the mall intercpet the state of the art. Journal of Advertising Research, 22(4), 43-49. Gautam, V. (2011). Investigaling the moderating role of corporate image in the relationship between perceived justice and recovery satisfaction: evidence from Indian aviation industry. International Review of Management and Marketing, 1(4), 74. Gautam, V. (2015). Service quality perceptions of customers about mobile telecommunication services: a case of India. Journal of Global Marketing, 28(1), 19-31. Geisser, S. (1974). A predictive approach to the random effect model. Biometrika, 61(1), 101-107. Gerpott, T. J., Rams, W., & Schindler, A. (2001). Customer retention, loyalty, and satisfaction in the German mobile cellular telecommunications market. Telecommunications policy, 25(4), 249-269. Giovanis, A., Athanasopoulou, P., & Tsoukatos, E. (2016). The role of corporate image and switching barriers in the service evaluation process: evidence from the mobile telecommunications industry. EuroMed Journal of Business, 11(1), 132-158. Gotz, O., Liehr-Gobbers, K., & Krafft, M. (2010). Evaluation of structural equation models using the partial least squares (PLS) approach Handbook of partial least squares (pp. 691-711): Springer. Gouji, R., Taghvaei, R., & Soleimani, H. (2016). The effect of corporate image on the formation of customer attraction. Management Science Letters, 6(10), 655-670. Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American sociological review, 161-178. Goyal, A., Maity, M., Kaur, H., & Soch, H. (2013). Mediating roles of commitment and corporate image in the formation of customer loyalty. Journal of Indian Business Research, 5(1), 33-51. Grappetite. (2017). Smart Phone Usage in Pakistan [Infographics]. http://www.pas.org.pk/smart-phone-usage-in-pakistan-infographics/ Greener, S. (2008). Business research methods: BookBoon. Greener, S., & Martelli, J. (2015). An Introduction to Business Research Methods, Bookboon. Grisaffe, D. B., & Nguyen, H.P. (2011). Antecedents of emotional attachment to brands. Journal of Business Research, 64(10), 1052-1059. Gronroos, C. (1988). Service quality: The six criteria of good perceived service. Review of business, 9(3), 10. Gronroos, C. (1990). Relationship approach to marketing in service contexts: The marketing and organizational behavior interface. Journal of Business Research, 20(1), 3-11. Gronroos, C., & Helle, P. (2012). Return on relationships: conceptual understanding and measurement of mutual gains from relational business engagements. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 27(5), 344-359. GSMA. (2015). The Mobile Economy- GSMA. Gu, R., Oh, L.-B., & Wang, K. (2016). Developing user loyalty for social networking sites: a relational perspective. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 17(1), 1. Gudergan, S. P., Devinney, T., Richter, N. F., & Ellis, R. S. (2012). Strategic implications for (non-equity) alliance performance. Long Range Planning, 45(5), 451-476. Gull, S., & Iftikhar, S. (2012). Behavioral Response of Angry and Dissatisfied Customers-An Experience of Service Sector of Pakistan. international journal of business and social science, 3(21). Gummesson, E., & Gronroos, C. (2012). The emergence of the new service marketing: Nordic School perspectives. Journal of Service Management, 23(4), 479-497. Gumussoy, C. A., & Koseoglu, B. (2016). The Effects of Service Quality, Perceived Value and Price Fairness on Hotel Customers' Satisfaction and Loyalty. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 4(9), 523-527. doi:10.18178 Gupta, A. (2016). Redefining service quality scale with customer experience quality scale: a critical review. international Journal of Services and Operations Management, 25(1), 48-64. Gupta, A., & Sahu, G. (2015). Exploring relationship marketing dimensions and their effect on customer loyalty-a study of Indian mobile telecom market. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 9(4), 375-395. Gustafsson, A. (2009). Customer satisfaction with service recovery. Journal of Business Research, 62(11), 1220-1222. Gwinner, K. P., Gremler, D. D., & Bitner, M. J. (1998). Relational benefits in services industries: the customer's perspective. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 26(2), 101-114. Ha, J., & Jang, S.S. (2010). Perceived values, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions: The role of familiarity in Korean restaurants. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(1), 2-13. Ha, N. T., Minh, N. H., Anh, P. C., & Matsui, Y. (2015). Retailer Service Quality and Customer Loyalty-Empirical Evidence in Vietnam. Haddad, A. E., Al-Dmour, H., & Al-Zu'bi, Z. (2012). Perceived service quality and customer satisfaction: an empirical investigation of the rebranded telecommunication companies in Jordan. European Journal of Social Sciences, 34(1 ), 118-137. Haenlein, M., & Kaplan, A. M. (2011 ). The influence of observed heterogeneity on path coefficient significance: Technology acceptance within the marketing discipline. Journal of Marketing theory and Practice, 19(2), 153-168. Hafeez, S., & Muhammad, B. (2012). The Impact of Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty Programs on Customer's Loyalty: Evidence from Banking Sector of Pakistan. International journal of business and social science, 3(16). Hafez, M., & Akther, N. (2017). Detenninants of Customer Loyalty in Mobile Telecommunication Industry in Bangladesh. Global Journal of Management and Business Research. Haghighi, M., Dorosti, A., Rahnama, A., & Hoseinpour, A. (2012). Evaluation of factors affecting customer loyalty in the restaurant industry. African Journal of Business Management, 6( 14), 5039. Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R., & Black, W. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective, 7Pearson. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Hair, J., Bush, R., & Ortinau, D. (2003). Marking Research: Within a change infonnation environment: McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York,[Accessed 15 November 14]. Hair, J. F. (2007a). Research methods for business. Hair, J. F. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: Pearson College Division. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., & Babin, B. J. (2010). RE Anderson Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective: New Jersey, Pearson Prentice Hall,). Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Rigorous applications, better results and higher acceptance. Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 40(3), 414-433, Hair, J. F. J., Money, A.H., Samouel, P., & Page, M. (2007b). Research methods for business. Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G, T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M, (2014),Aprimer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): Sage Publications. Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G, T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): Sage Publications. Hallowell, R. (1996). The relationships of customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and profitability: an empirical study. International Journal of service industry mmanagement, 7(4), 27-42. Hamza, A. (2016, NOVEMBER 22, 2016), PTA to introduce price floor regime for telecom sector, Daily Times. Retrieved from https://dailytimes.com.pk/44735/pta-to-introduce-price-floor-regime-fortelecom-sector/ Han, H., Back, K.-J., & Barrett, B. (2009). Influencing factors on restaurant customers' revisit intention: The roles of emotions and switching barriers. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(4), 563-572. Han, H., &Hyun, S.S. (2012). An extension of the four-stage loyalty model: The critical role of positive switching barriers. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 29( 1 ), 40-56. Han, H., Kim, Y., & Kim, E.-K. (2011 ). Cognitive, affective, conative, and action loyalty: Testing the impact of inertia. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(4), l 008-1019. Han, H., & Ryu, K. (2009). The roles of the physical environment, price perception, and customer satisfaction in determining customer loyalty in the restaurant industry. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 33( 4), 487-510. Han, S., Cao, B., Fu, Y., & Luo, Z. (2017). A liner shipping competitive model with con&ideration of service quality management. Annals of Operations Research, 1-23. Han, X., Kwortnik Jr, R. J., & Wang, C. (2008). Service loyalty: An integrative model and examination across service contexts. Journal of Service Research, 11(1), 22-42. Hanaysha, J. (2016). Testing the effects of food quality, price fairness, and physical environment on customer satisfaction in fast food restaurant industry. Journal of Asian Business Strategy, 6(2), 31-40. Hanif, M., Hafeez, S., & Riaz, A. (2010). Factors affecting customer satisfaction. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 60(1), 44-52. Harman, D. ( 1967). A single factor test of common method variance. Journal of Psychology, 35(1967), 359-378. Haro Vicente, J.C., & Sun, E. (2015). Customer Loyalty in the Swedish Telecommunication Industry: A case study at Telia. Harris, L. C., & Goode, M. M. (2004). The four levels ofloyalty and the pivotal role of trust: a study of online service dynamics. Journal of Retailing, 80(2), 139-158. Hart, C. W., Heskett, J. L., & Sasser Jr, W. E. (1990). The profitable art of service recovery. Harvard business review, 68(4), 148-156. Hasan, M. K., & Abdullah, A. S. M. (2013). Measuring Consumers Satisfaction towards the Services of Mobile Phone Operators in Bangladesh. City, 6(01), 7. Hashim, Y. A. (2014). Detetmenants of cutomer loyalty among the mobile subciriber of global for system for mobile commuination secrives in northne nigeria Hassan, M., Hassan, S., Nawaz, M. S., & Aksel, I. (2013). Measuring customer satisfaction and loyalty through service fairness, service quality and price fairness perception: an empirical study of Pakistan Mobile telecommunication sector. Science International, 25( 4), 971-980. Hassan, M., Malik, A. A., & Faiz, M. F. (2012). An Empirical Assessment Of Service Quality And Its Relationship With Customer Loyalty Evidence From The Telecom Sector Of Pakistan. International Journal of Asian Social Sciences, 2(6), 1293-1305. Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach: Guilford Publications. Hayes, A. F., & Preacher, K. J. (2010). Quantifying and testing indirect effects in simple mediation models when the constituent paths are nonlinear. Multivariate behavioral research, 45(4), 627-660. Heinonen, K., & Strandvik, T. (2015). Customer-dominant logic: foundations and implications. Journal of Services Marketing, 29(617), 472-484. Hellier, P. K., Geursen, G. M., Carr, R. A., & Rickard, J. A. (2003). Customer repurchase intention: A general structural equation model. European Journal of marketing, 37(11/12), 1762-1800. Helm, S., Eggert, A., & Garnefeld, I. (2010). Modeling the impact of corporate reputation on customer satisfaction and loyalty using partial least squares. Handbook of partial least squares, 515-534. Hennig-Thurau, T., Gwinner, K. P., & Gremler, D. D. (2002a). Understanding relationship marketing outcomes an integration of relational benefits and relationship quality. Journal of Service Research, 4(3), 230-247. Henseler, J., & Chin, W.W. (2010). A comparison of approaches for the analysis of interaction effects between latent variables using partial least squares path modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 17(1), 82-109. Henseler, J., & Fassott, G. (2010). Testing moderating effects in PLS path models: An illustration of available procedures Handbook of partial least squares (pp. 713-735): Springer. Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 43(1), 115-135. Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing New challenges to international marketing (pp. 277-319): Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Herma wan, B., Basalamah, S., Djamereng, A., & Plyriadi, A. (2017). Effect of Service Quality and Price Perception on Co!pOrate Image, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty among Mobile Telecommunication Services Provider. Herrmann, A., Xia, L., Monroe, K. B., & Huber, F. (2007). The influence of price fairness on customer satisfaction: an empirical test in the context of automobile purchases. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 16(1), 49-58. Hinson, E., VanZyl, H., Nimako, S. G., Chinje, N., & Asiamah, E. (2016). Extending the four-stage brand loyalty framework in African Telecoms. African Journal of Business and Economic Research, 11(2-3), 53-82. Ho, S.-H., & Yang, T.-Y. (2009). Understanding Consumer Acceptance of Internet Banking-From Stayers and Switchers. 29(2), 1-20. Hocutt, M. A., Chakraborty, G., & Mowen, J. C. (1997). The impact of perceived justice on customer satisfaction and intention to complain in a service recovery. ACR North American Advances. Hoffman, K. D., Hoffman, K. D., Kelley, S. W., Kelley, S. W., Rotalsky, H. M., & Rotalsky, H. M. (2016). Retrospective: Tracking service failures and employee recovery efforts. Journal of Services Marketing, 30(1), 7-10. Hogan, J.E., Lemon, K. N., & Libai, B. (2003). What is the true value of a lost customer? Journal of Service Research, 5(3), 196-208. Holmlund, M., & Kock, S. (1995). Buyer perceived service quality in industrial networks. Industrial Marketing Management, 24(2), 109-121. Homburg, C., & Fürst, A. (2005). How organizational complaint handling drives customer loyalty: an analysis of the mechanistic and the organic approach. Journal of marketing, 69(3), 95-114. Hong, I. B., & Cho, H. (2011). The impact of consumer trust on attitudinal loyalty and purchase intentions in B2C e-marketplaces: Intermediary trust vs. seller trust. International Journal of Information Management, 31(5), 469-4 79. Hong, J. -C., Lin, P.-H., & Hsieh, P.-C. (2017). The effect of consumer innovativeness on perceived value and continuance intention to use smartwatch. Computers in Human Behavior, 67, 264-272. Hossain, M., & Suchy, N. J. (2013). Influence of customer satisfaction on loyalty: A study on mobile telecommunication industry. Journal of Social Sciences, 9(2), 73-80. Hossain, M.A., Chowdhury, M. R., & Jahan, N. (2017). Customer Retention and Telecommunications Services in Bangladesh. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 7(11), 921-930. Hsieh, Y.-C., Chiu, H.-C., & Chiang, M.-Y. (2005). Maintaining a committed online customer: a study across search-experience-credence products. Journal of Retailing, 81(1), 75-82. Hsin Chang, H., Fu, C. S., Chen, S.-H., Chiu, W. Z., & Lu, Y.-Y. (2016). Customer readiness, market orientation and transaction frequency in mobile banking service recover. Hsu, C.-J., Yen, J.-R., Chang, Y.-C., & Woon, H.K. (2016). How do the services of low cost carriers affect passengers' behavioral intentions to revisit a destination? Journal of Air Transport Management, 52, 111-116. Huang, C.-C., Fang, S.-C., Huang, S.-M., Chang, S.-C., & Fang, S.-R. (2014). The impact of relational bonds on brand loyalty: the mediating effect of brand relationship quality. Managing Service Quality, 24(2), 184-204. Huang, C.-F., & Lien, H.-C. (2012). An empirical analysis of the influences of corporate social responsibility on organizational performance of Taiwan's construction industry: using corporate image as a mediator. Construction Management and Economics, 30(4), 263-275. Hughes, A. M. (2007). Churn reduction in the telecom industry. Hulland, J, (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research; A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 195-204. Hussain, R. (2016). The mediating role of customer satisfaction: evidence from the airline industry. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 28(2), 234-255. Hutcheson, G.D., & Moutinho, L. (1998). Measuring preferred store satisfaction using consumer choice criteria as a mediating factor. Journal of Marketing Management, 14(7), 705-720. IBEF. (2016). Telecom Sector in India. Ibrahim, H., & Na.Liar, F. (2014). Analyzing Sport Consumer Behaviour toward Sportswear Store: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 7(9), 1910-1916. Ibrahim, M., & Abdallahamed, S. (2014a). Service Recovery and Customer Satisfaction: A Case of Uganda Telecom. Inegbedion, H., & Obadiaru, E. (2018). Modelling brand loyalty in the Nigerian telecommunications industry. Journal of strategic marketing, 1-16. Iqbal, A., Zia, M. H., Bashir, S., Shahzad, K., & Aslam, M. W. (2008). Antecedents and Outcomes of Customer satisfaction in using prepaid cellular service in Pakistan. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the First International Conference on Business and Technology, Iqra University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Irfan, M., Shamsudin, M. F., & Hadi, N. U. (2016). How Important Is Customer Satisfaction? Quantitative Evidence from Mobile Telecommunication Market. International Journal a/Business and Management, 11(6), 57. Irshad, A., Rahim, A., Khan, M. F., & Khan, M. M. (2017). Imacpact of corporate social responsiblty on customer sataisfaction and loyalty, moderating effect of corporate image ( evidence from pakistan) Ishaq, M. (2011). A study on relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction: An empirical evidence from Pakistan telecommunication industry. Management Science Letters, 1(4), 523-530. Ishaq, M. I., Bhutta, M. H., Hamayun, A. A., Danish, R. Q., & Hussain, N. M. (2014). Role of corporate image, product quality and customer value in customer loyalty: Intervening effect of customer satisfaction. Journal of Basic Applied Science Research, 4(4), 89-97. Islam, M. S. (2010). The analysis of customer loyalty in Bangladeshi mobile phone operator industry. World Journal of Management, 2(2), 130-145. Ismail, A., & Yunan, Y. S. M. (2016). Service quality as a predictor of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. LogForum, 12(4). ITU. (2017a). ITU releases 2017 global information and communication technology facts and figures [Press release]. Retrieved from https://www.itu.int/en/mediacentre/Pages/2017-PR37.aspx ITU. (2017b). Telecommunication Development Sector Facts and Figures 2017. from https://www.itu.int/en/ITUD/Statistics/Documents/facts/ICTFactsFigures2017.pdf. Izogo, E. E. (2016). Antecedents of attitudinal loyalty in a telecom seivice sector: the Nigerian case. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 33(6), 747-768. Izogo, E. E. (2017). Customer loyalty in telecom setvice sector: The role of setvice quality and customer commitment. The TQM Journal, 29(1), 19-36. Izogo, E. E., & Izogo, E. E. (2017). Customer loyalty in telecom seivice sector: the role ofseivice quality and customer commitment. The TQM Journal, 29(1), 19-36. Jaaron, A. (2014). The development of Risk Management Model for Palestinian Mobile Communication companies,(Jawwal & Wataniya case study). Faculty of Graduate Studies, An-Najah National University. Jain, R., Aagja, J., & Bagdare, S. (2017). Customer experience-a review and research agenda. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 27(3), 642-662. Jain, S. K., & Gupta, G. (2004). Measuring seivice quality: SERVQUAL vs. SERVPERF scales. Vikalpa, 29(2), 25-38. Jani, D. (2015). Influence of Social Status and Corporate Image on Customer Satisfaction: A Test in the Mobile Phone Sector. Javed, A., Azam, N., Fazal, M., & Butt, A. A. (2013). Most Popular and Used Cellular Network on the Basis of Customer Satisfaction in Pakistan. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research In Business, 5(2), 205. Jean Harrison-Walker, L. (2012). The role of cause and affect in service failure. Journal of Services Marketing, 26(2), 115-123. Jha, S., Deitz, G. D., Babakus, E., & Yavas, U. (2013). The role of corporate image for quality in 1he formation of attitudinal service loyalty. Journal of Service Research, 16(2), 155-170. Jhandir, S. U. (2012). Customer satisfaction, perceived service quality and mediating role of perceived value. Jin, N., Jin, N., Line, N. D., Line, N. D., Merkebu, J., & Merkebu, J. (2016). The effects of image and price fairness: A consideration of delight and loyalty in the waterpark industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(9), 1895-1914. Jolmson, W. C., & Sirikit, A. (2002). Service quality in 1he Thai telecommunication industry; a tool for achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. Management Decision, 40(7), 693-701. Johnston, R. (2001). Linking complaint management to profit. International Journal of service industry management, 12(1), 60-69. Jones, M. A., Mothersbaugh, D. L., & Beatty, S. E. (2002). Why customers stay: measuring the underlying dimensions of services switching costs and managing their differential strategic outcomes. Journal of Business Research, 55(6), 441-450. Joosten, H., Bloemer, J., & Hillebrand, B. (2017). Consumer control in service recovery; beyond decisional control. Journal of Service Managernent(justaccepted), 00-00. Joshi, S. (2014). Customer experience management An exploratory study on the parameters affecting customer experience for cellular mobile services of a telecom company, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 133, 392-399. Jouali, J., & Chakor, A. (2013). Collaboration in Buyer-Seller Relationships as a New Approach to Competitive Advantage. JOSR Journal of Business and Management, 10(2), 55-64. Jung, N. Y., & Seock, Y.-K. (2017). Effect of service recovery on customers' perceived justice, satisfaction, and word-of-mouth intentions on online shopping websites. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 37, 23-30. Kabneman, D., Knetsch, J. L., & Thaler, R. (1986). Fairness as a constraint on profit seeking: Entitlements in the market. The American economic review, 728-741. Kamal Ghalandari, L.B. a. M. G. G. J. (2012). The Moderating Effects of Corporate Image on the Relationship between Perceived Justice Dimensions and Consumer Attitudes and Repurchase Intentions from Online Shopping in Iran. Research Journal of Applied &iences, Engineering and Technology 5(1): 303-318, 2013. Kant, R., Kant, R., Jaiswal, D., & Jaiswal, D. (2017). The impact of perceived service quality dimensions on customer satisfaction: An empirical study on public sector banks in India. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 35(3), 411-430. Karatepe, 0. M. (2011). Service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty: the moderating role of gender. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 12(2), 278-300. Karjaluoto, H., Jayawardhena, C., Leppaniemi, M., & Pihlstrom, M. (2012). How value and trust influence loyalty in wireless telecommunications industry. Telecommunications policy, 36(8), 636-649. Karunanithy, K., & Rasanayagam, D. (2013a). hnpact of Customer Satisfaction on Customer Loyalty towards Sri Lanka Telecom PLC. Industrial Engineering Letters, 3(7), 66-71. Karunanithy, K., & Rasanayagam, D. (20 I 3b ). Impact of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty towards Sri Lankan Telecom PLC. Industrial Engineering Letters, 3(7), 66-71. Kaur, H., & Soch, H. (2012). Validating antecedents of customer loyalty for Indian cell phone users. Vikalpa, 37(4), 47-62. Kaura, V., Durga Prasad, C. S., & Sharma, S. (2015). Service quality, service convenience, price and fairness, customer loyalty, and the mediating role of customer satisfaction. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 33(4), 404-422. Keaveney, S. M. (1995). Customer switching behavior in service industries: An exploratory study. The Journal of marketing, 71-82. Keaveney, S. M., & Parthasarathy, M. (2001 ). Customer switching behavior in online services: An exploratory study of the role of selected attitudinal, behavioral, and demographic : factors. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 29(4), 374-390. Keegan, C., Teljeur, C., Turner, B., & Thomas, S. (2016). Switching insurer in the Irish voluntary health insurance market: determinants, incentives, and risk equalization. The European Journal of Health Economics, 17(7), 823-831. Keiningham, T. L., Aksoy, L., Cooil, B., & Andreassen, T. W. (2008). Linking customer loyalty to growth. MIT Sloan Management Review, 49(4), 51.